ECB's Makhlouf says hiking much more could hurt economic growth and highlights that a longer Iran war risks keeping inflation elevated

What has historically moved euro front-end rates and the currency is not one official's caution but whether that caution migrates toward the centre of the council, since it is the median voter that sets the path. The distinction that matters here is the source of the inflation risk: a prolonged conflict-driven energy supply shock is the type central banks have tended to look through on the first round while tightening against second-round wage effects, whereas demand-led pressure draws a more conventional response. Makhlouf has prior form as one of the more dovish voices on the council, so the remarks are consistent with an established stance rather than a conversion, which limits their standalone information content. The follow-ons worth noting are whether peers echo the growth concern, how the conflict's duration feeds into energy curves and freight costs, and the reaction of inflation expectations at the longer end, which is the metric that has historically determined whether supply shocks get tolerated or fought.