European Closes: Euro Stoxx 50 -0.54% at 5,689, Dax 40 -0.83% at 23,394, FTSE 100 -0.34% at 10,250, CAC 40 -0.98% at 7,915, FTSE MIB -0.29% at 44,025, IBEX 35 -0.86% at 16,928, PSI -0.78% at 8,876, SMI -1.08% at 12,955, AEX +0.27% at 983.

European equity markets closed mostly lower, with notable declines in major indices like the DAX and FTSE 100. The mixed performance reflects ongoing investor caution as they weigh economic data and geopolitical developments, which could influence market sentiment in the upcoming sessions.