European Closes: Euro Stoxx 50 -0.54% at 5,718, Dax 40 -0.53% at 23,447, FTSE 100 -0.39% at 10,265, CAC 40 -0.91% at 7,912, FTSE MIB -0.29% at 44,327, IBEX 35 -0.43% at 17,066, PSI -0.09% at 9,144, SMI +0.02% at 12,843, AEX +0.10% at 1,002

European equity markets closed lower across the board, reflecting a cautious sentiment among investors ahead of upcoming economic data and potential policy shifts. The modest decline in major indices suggests that traders are weighing potential volatility in the U.S. session and broader economic signals, which could impact future market direction.